After the briefing, the fighters were driven to their assigned positions. "[2] Gerber in 2006 wrote that 35 were wounded and five killed. He claimed one of the victims was a mother with her baby. [17] Old City Press has operated here since 1969. Milstein said there were contradictions in Pa'il's claims and an absence of any mention of Pa'il in other Haganah accounts of the incident. Following an order from Benzion Cohen, the Irgun commander, they resorted to house-to-house attacks, throwing grenades into every house before charging in and spraying the rooms with automatic fire. 179/110/17/GS, cited in Lapierre and Collins (1972), this edition 2000, Simon & Schuster, footnote, p. 276. We met the Lehi and Etzel [Irgun] people in the middle of the village. Sharif Kan'ana of Bir Zeit University interviewed survivors and published figures in 1988; 107 villagers had died, 11 of them armed, with 12 wounded. I didn’t know what to do. "The only course open to me was to convince them that I did not value my life in the least," he wrote. Hasso, Frances S. (2000). She at first rented two rooms for them, bringing them food every day, before moving them to the Sahyoun convent. The first residents were needy families who were given small plots to grow fresh produce that was marketed in Jerusalem. Lehi further proposed that any villagers who failed to flee should be killed to terrify the rest of the country's Arabs. The closest Arab towns were Qalunya a few kilometers to the northwest and Ein Karem a few kilometers to the southwest, where the Arab Liberation Army had setup a base. [9], In 1951, the abandoned buildings were used to house a therapeutic community of 300 patients called the Kfar Shaul Government Work Village for Mental Patients. Some people say Pa’il was never there – but no one denies that Givat Shaul and Deir Yassin had a real peace agreement. [citation needed], The village was situated on a hill 800 meters above sea level[18] and two kilometers south of the Tel-Aviv highway. All of them were young, some even adolescents, men and women, armed to the teeth: revolvers, machine-guns, hand grenades, and also cutlasses in their hands, most of them still blood-stained. "[81] Gelber writes that Khalidi told journalists on April 12 that the village's dead included 25 pregnant women, 52 mothers of babies, and 60 girls. It faced the Jewish suburbs of West Jerusalem, which at the time included six settlements, the closest of which was Givat Shaul. Difficulties in registering the land delayed construction until 1919. "There was a natural wall there, formed by diggingy. (1998). Hogan believes that "it is unlikely that the inexperienced and undersupplied fighters under fire efficiently maneuvered explosives around defended houses. The Israeli branch of Touro College[31] and the Tal Institute, the women's division of the Jerusalem College of Technology,[32] are also located in Givat Shaul. Israeli newspaper, Ha’aretz is currently petitioning Israel’s High Court of Justice to release written and photographic evidence from the Israeli military archives about the Deir Yassin massacre. [38], Zeidan recalled hiding with her family and another when the door was blasted open. [63], A Shai report from April 12 to Shaltiel read: "Some of the women and children were taken prisoner by the Lehi and transferred to Sheik Bader [Lehi's headquarter in Jerusalem]. In another corner there were some more bodies, in the next house more bodies and so on. The revisionists were initially reluctant to let him enter:[56]. The fighting was over, yet there was the sound of firing of all kinds from different houses. He wanted to observe the revisionists fighting capabilities. Before we got to the village we saw people carrying bodies to the quarry each of Deir Yassin. "[88] Mohammed Radwan, one of the villagers who fought the attackers, said: "There were no rapes. In 1999, the organization Deir Yassin Remembered asked Prime Minister Ehud Barak to release the records. [1], Israeli military historian Uri Milstein alleged in 1998 that Pa'il was not in Deir Yassin on April 9. There are other bodies in the houses. [20], On January 20, 1948, the villagers met leaders of the Givat Shaul community to form a peace pact. Fighting began at 04:45 when a village sentry spotted the Irgunists moving in, and called out in Arabic, "Mahmoud". I also saw one old woman who gave her age as one hundred and four who had been severely beaten about the head with rifle butts. Reviewing the situation, Weg concluded that the wounded could not be evacuated before suppressing all hostile fire. The court cited the possible damage to Israel's foreign relations and its negotiations with the Palestinians. Piles of smoking bodies. From a higher vantage point, he and a companion were able to see everything and take photographs. ", Besieged, Jerusalem 1948: Memories of an Irgun Fighter, "Jerusalem truce halts Israeli push to retake old city", Arab witnesses admit exaggerating Deir Yassin massacre, "On Recent Hebrew and Israeli Sources for the Palestinian Exodus, 1947–49", Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem, Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus, Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir_Yassin_massacre&oldid=1021455720, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Disputed: ≥107 Palestinian Arab villagers and 5 attackers. [12] The bakery's landmark factory store opened in 1984. The northernmost part of the neighborhood, directly above Highway 1, is mostly Haredi, while residents of the southern part, bordering Kiryat Moshe, are mostly Modern Orthodox Religious Zionists. [citation needed], Formed in 1931, Irgun was a militant group that broke away from the mainstream Jewish militia, the Haganah. According to Morris, it was agreed during planning meetings that the residents would be expelled. On the morning of that day we heard nothing. The arrival of tens of thousands of refugees further convinced them to act. "[51] Lehi officer David Gottlieb said the Palmach had accomplished "in one hour what we could not accomplish in several hours". As soon as they heard that women had been raped at Deir Yassin, Palestinians fled in terror. [1][2] Irgun commander Yehuda Segal was shot in the stomach and later died. The Irgun commanders had no way to contact them, and had to assume they were on schedule. Most of the fighters at the meetings, from both the Irgun and Lehi was for "liquidation of all the men in the village and any other force that opposed us, whether it be old people, women, or children. Massacre at Deir Yassin x. We went into houses. "[86] Abu Mahmud, who lived in Deir Yassin in 1948, was one of those who complained. Fortunately, help arrived shortly thereafter in the form of ultra-Orthodox Jews from Givat Shaul, who rushed to Deir Yassin in time to shame the attackers into sparing the prisoners. The Jews searched the women too. Today I would write that their eyes were glazed over, full of lust for murder. They chose a password to reflect the mood, "Ahdut Lohemet" ("Fighters' Solidarity"). Continue thus until victory. The villagers said no then, and again on April 4,[26] though Irgun fighters said they did encounter at least two foreign militiamen during the April 9 invasion. It is an odd thing, but when there is danger such as this, the agile ones run away first. A mother and her children that were killed by gunfire, two bodies of women who were killed by shooting. [27], Lapidot in his 1992 memoirs described occasional skirmishes between Deir Yassin and Givat Shaul residents, that on April 3, shots had been fired from Deir Yassin toward the Jewish villages of Bet Hakerem and Yefe Nof. Every group in Palestine had cause for spreading the atrocity narrative. [1] Several former leaders of the Haganah demanded that the pamphlet be withdrawn on account of its inaccuracy, but the Foreign Ministry explained that "While our intention and desire is to maintain accuracy in our information, we sometimes are forced to deviate from this principle when we have no choice or alternative means to rebuff a propaganda assault or Arab psychological warfare. Ben-Gurion failed to respond, though the correspondents sent him copy after copy. I stood them against a wall and blasted them with two rounds from the Tommy gun. "[2], Gelber viewed it is unlikely that the peace pact between Deir Yassin and Givat Shaul continued to hold in April, given the intensity of hostilities between the Arab and Jewish communities elsewhere. [3], About 130 fighters participated in the attack of which 70 came from Irgun, according to Morris. "[20], In 1972, Raanan told a journalist that his men had found the house were Segal had fallen. [44] Exactly when is unclear; Milstein writes "at noon," Hogan "about 10:00 am. [20], Morris writes that the killing continued after April 9. The Ministry rejected their application stating that the Deir Yassin massacre wasn't "military service". Meir reported later that Abdullah was approaching war "as a person who is in a trap and can't get out". The Ashkenazimbuilt the first public bui… By March 1948, the road was cut off and Jerusalem was under siege. A new street, Beit Hadfus Street, was constructed to reach the new bakery. Shots were heard. Deir Yassin at the beginning of April 1948, was an Arab village on a hilltop opposite the neighbouring Orthodox Jewish settlement of Givat Shaul. Pa'il reported that he saw five Arab men being paraded through the streets, and later saw their bodies in a quarry near Givat Shaul. Israeli Jewish youth watch a procession of Israeli, Palestinian, and international activists carrying names of those who died in the Deir Yassin massacre, Givat Shaul, West Jerusalem, April 10, 2014. "[89] Radwan added "I know when I speak that God is up there and God knows the truth and God will not forgive the liars. It's all lies. Massacre of the Haddassa Hospital Convoy xi. Deir-Yassin lies on a hill west of Jerusalem, eight hundred meters above sea level, and 700 meters from the Jewish neighbourhood of Givat Shaul. Soon afterward, Raanan and his aides appeared with knapsacks filled with TNT. [84], Gelber suggests that either the women's testimonies were a result of "the Arab propaganda machine" or that Catling was "an old and bitter enemy" of the Irgun and Lehi and fabricated the reports. He responded with the second half of the password, "Lohemet". [69] After his inspection, the Irgun asked him to sign a document to say he had been received courteously and thanking them for their help. Trembling he touched the shattered lives beneath his feet; Dismembered, strewn in heaps of ruin. The Arab invasion began at midnight on May 14, when Abdullah fired a symbolic shot in the air, and shouted "Forward! During the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, in which Palestinian Arabs rose up against the British mandate authorities in protest at Jewish mass immigration into the country, Irgun's tactics had included bus and marketplace bombings, condemned by both the British and the Jewish Agency. They requested the help of the British, but did nothing further. "[2] He further argues that if explosives were used, the number of wounded and dismembered bodies would have been much higher. Maxime Rodinson argued that the massacre at Deir Yassin, and the fear of further terrorism that it inspired in the Palestinian population, was a major cause of the subsequent Palestinian flight. Angel's Bakery moved to its present location here in 1958. Our chaps entered the village, talked to the Arabs and heard from then that they were not interested in harming the Jews, and that they are men of peace. Un año después, el barrio judío de Givat Shaul Bet se construyó en la tierra de Deir Yassin, a pesar de las protestas de los académicos israelíes ante el primer ministro David Ben-Gurion . Dare he face the Truth he was after? Refugees arrives from Deir Yassin and related that the Jews found out that Arab warriors had disguised themselves as women. [2][39] Other houses had their doors blown off and hand grenades thrown inside. Mohamed Aref Samir, schoolteacher in Deir Yassin and later education official in Jordan. [fn 2] The plan was to drive the vehicle into the center of the village and blare a warning in Arabic, urging the residents to run towards Ein Karim. There were no mutilations. [2], Thanks to the rapid work of Palmach the fighting was over by about 11:00 am. Fahimi Zeidan, a 12-year-old girl, testified in 1987. He said, 'We must make the most of this.' Kolonia village, which had previously repulsed every attack of the Haganah, was evacuated overnight and fell without further fighting. We did not check each body, all were dressed. [66], Eliahu Arbel, Operations Officer B of the Haganah's Etzioni Brigade, visited Deir Yassin on April 10. Pa'il recalled hearing the shooting start anew:[20]. The recording of statements is hampered also by the hysterical state of the women who often break down many times whilst the statement is being recorded. Cutting through Ein Karem and Deir Yassin was the Sharafa ridge (Mount Herzl), a strategically important elevation that the Haganah had taken earlier. [38][1], Irgun and Lehi commanders had believed the residents would flee, but the fighters encountered resistance. [68] His assistant, Dr. Alfred Engel, wrote:[70]. In one of the conquered village houses a Bren machine gun was set up, which shot everyone who got in its line of fire. [14] This new street was named "Street of the Printing Press" for the many printing establishments also located here. I left after the fourth truck went out. 225–227; footnote to pp. He was discouraged from visiting the village by Haganah and the Jewish Agency but insisted on going: "They advised me not to interfere, because if I were to go there, my mission might be ended. But the decision was reversed after the group appealed. Several wells are located at the southwestern edge of the site. Lehi would stage its attack from Givat Shaul, and the Irgun from Beit HaKerem. The Arabs rejected the proposal, and civil war broke out. It was clear that they had gone from house to house and shot the people at close range. but then he changed his mind." They also asked for weapons which Weg refused them. [103] Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi wrote in 1992: Many of the village houses on the hill are still standing and have been incorporated into an Israeli hospital for the mentally ill that was established on the site. Morris 2008, p. 193 (for Golda Meir); p. 209 (for Abdullah shouting "forward"). The Deir Yassin villagers agreed to inform Givat Shaul should Palestinian militiamen appear in the village, by hanging out certain types of laundry during the day—two white pieces with a black piece in the middle—and at night signaling three dots with a flashlight and placing three lanterns in a certain place. Other important rabbis living in Givat Shaul are Rabbi Yehoshua Karlinsky, rabbi of the Beer Avrohom synagogue; Rabbi Tennenbaum, rabbi of the Babad synagogue and Rabbi Shmuel Taussig, Admor of Toldos Shmuel.[20]. In the houses there were dead, in all about a hundred men, women and children. Remembered by all Palestinians over the world as a day of infamy in the worst chapter of Palestinian history, what is known as an-Nabka or catastrophe.. Deir Yassin, a Palestinian village of around 600 inhabitants in 1948, West of Jerusalem. [80], Hazem Nuseibeh, the news editor of the Palestine Broadcasting Service at the time of the attack, gave an interview to the BBC in 1998. Lehi subsequently carried out a series of assassinations designed to force the British out of Palestine. In the result it helped us. [2], Some time later, two Palmach units arrived, commanded by Weg and Moshe Eren in two armored vehicles and carrying two two-inch mortars. God, God, Thou has chosen us for conquest. and gunned them down. [20] David Siton of Lehi claimed he also protested because the village was docile:[19]. I offered it ... and said, 'Please leave my brother alone, he is so young.'" This was the "cleaning up" team, that was obviously performing its task very conscientiously. After I joined him, he told me that he had been sent with some people from Camp Schneller to deploy his men on the main ridge, where the cemetery is today, commanding the main road to Jerusalem, because there was supposed to be a convoy that day. He described beatings, looting, and the stripping of jewelry and money from prisoners. … [15], Both groups had committed numerous terror attacks against the British and the Arabs but Deir Yassin would be their first proper military operation and the groups were keen to show their rival the Haganah their combat prowess. A number of prisoners were executed, some after being paraded in West Jerusalem. There were 12 bodies, and 6 burnt children. There was a great deal of yelling. In the southern part of Givat Shaul, the population predominantly consists of Modern Orthodox Jews, affiliating with Religious Zionism. He told the BBC: "We said, 'There was no rape.' There were no pregnant women who were slit open. Institutions in this area include the main synagogue of Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, a major center of Sephardic Religious Zionism, as well as the primarily Ashkenazi national-religious flagship Mercaz HaRav yeshiva. [36] Aref Samir stated that he didn't hear the warning:[37]. They had no communication equipment. [citation needed], Deir Yassin was a Palestinian Arab village of several hundred residents, all Muslim, living in 144 houses. A total of 15 houses were blown up. Givat Shaul Beth and Har Nof neighborhoods of Jerusalem Deir Yassin ( Arabic : دير ياسين ‎‎, Dayr Yāsīn ) was a Palestinian Arab village of around 600 inhabitants about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) west of Jerusalem . The invention, initially opposed by the Jerusalem municipality for being above-ground, won the Kaplan Prize for distinction in productivity and efficiency. Battle of the Roads 4- Gush Etzion . To the south is a valley containing part of the Jerusalem Forest, and on the other side of the valley, a mile and a half away, lie Mount Herzl and the Holocaust memorial museum, Yad Vashem. The whereabouts of Catling's original reports are unknown, according to Gelber. They were to relieve of the revisionists but not before they had disposed of the bodies, something they had refused to. The old village cemetery, southeast of the site, is unkempt and threatened by debris from a ring road that has been constructed around the village hill. Givat Shaul (Hebrew: גבעת שאול‎, lit. I took my chap with me and went to see what was happening. Friday, 9 April 1948. Among them Eliyahu Arbel, a Haganah operations officer, who recalled finding dead inside the houses but "with no signs of battle and not as a result of blowing up houses" and Irgunist Menachem Adler, who didn't participate in the attack, but visited the village a few days later, who said "I didn't see the destruction that is always recounted." We asked for more bodies. Most of the Arab males had run away. A pregnant woman, who was coming back with her son from the bakery, was murdered and her belly was smashed, after her son was killed before her eyes. [2] The only road to and from the village ran eastward passing through Givat Shaul. [65] Ten houses had been blown up entirely, he said, though historians doubt if that was true. He published his memoirs Nine Measures in 1986. The stretcher bearers only got clubs.
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