But it created a much larger danger in the longer range. [13], The US government had been caught completely off-guard by the attack. Seeing the planes pass over his head, he immediately notified the Iraqis to warn them that they may be the targets of an Israeli attack. [45] According to Mueller, "the principal difference between the hawks and doves on this issue lay in their estimation of the likely international political costs of an air strike". [54], The distance between Israeli military bases and the reactor site was significant—over 1,600 km (990 mi). [74], Debate prior to passage of the UN resolution reflected member states' differing positions on issues such as nuclear proliferation in the region and the appropriateness and justifiability of Israel's actions. [98] United States Secretary of Defense William Perry stated in 1997 that Iraq refocused its nuclear weapons effort on producing highly enriched uranium after the raid. ... country will "take revenge" for an attack on an underground nuclear ... fuel for commercial nuclear power plants. [59], King Hussein of Jordan, vacationing in the Gulf of Aqaba, witnessed the planes overfly his yacht, and noticed their Israeli markings. [55] While the new Iranian government was officially hostile to Israel, due to both nations having a common enemy (Iraq), and Iranian fears that the Iraqis would create an atomic bomb to use on them, they clandestinely worked with Israel to forestall such a development. In one minute and twenty seconds, the reactor lay in ruins. [24] The main reactor was dubbed Osirak (Osiraq) by the French, blending the name of Iraq with that of the reactor class. [64] This was similarly the conclusion of Herbert Goldstein of Columbia University using IAEA release factors, the lethal contamination would be confined to a close proximity to the reactor and small amounts of radiation would be detectable in Baghdad under the assumption that winds were blowing in that direction. 5 Dr. Arye Naor, “Analysis of the Decision-Making Process,” Israel’s Strike Against the Iraqi Nuclear Reactor 7 June, 1981, Jerusalem: Menachem Begin Heritage Center: 2003,  26 [12] The civilian killed was engineer Damien Chaussepied, variously described as 24 or 25 years old, who was an employee of Air Liquide and the French governmental agency CEA. [13] Dan Perry writes that "the Osirak bombing—and Peres's poor political judgement in criticizing it—were crucial in turning the tide of what initially had seemed to be a hopeless election campaign for Likud". The attack squadron descended to 30 m (100 ft) over the Iraqi desert, attempting to fly under the radar of the Iraqi defences. [20], Construction for the 40-megawatt light-water nuclear reactor began in 1979 at the Al Tuwaitha Nuclear Center near Baghdad. [33] The United Kingdom said it did not believe Iraq had the capacity to manufacture fissionable materials for nuclear weapons. 8 Ibid. [3] On 7 June 1981, a flight of Israeli Air Force F-16A fighter aircraft, with an escort of F-15As, bombed the Osirak reactor deep inside Iraq. As a result, the attack did not reduce the risk that Iraq would develop nuclear weapons. Israeli security god Amos Yadlin’s NY Times op-ed yesterday is an example of why Obama should not believe Netanyahu’s case for war. [45], Anthony Cordesman writes that Israel conducted a series of clandestine operations to halt construction or destroy the reactor. At the time of its occurrence, the attack was met with sharp international criticism, including in the United States, and Israel was rebuked by the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly in two separate resolutions. The Iraqis denied any major damage. … [54] However, Israel had an advantage in that Iraq was preoccupied fighting Iran. [97] Khidir Hamza, an Iraqi nuclear scientist, made the following statement in an interview on CNN's Crossfire in 2003: Israel—actually, what Israel [did] is that it got out the immediate danger out of the way. [42] The F-16 pilots were Ze'ev Raz, Amos Yadlin, Dobbi Yaffe, Hagai Katz, Amir Nachumi, Iftach Spector, Relik Shafir, and Ilan Ramon. 13 Ibid 22-23. [86], In response to their failures to prevent the Osirak attack (and the earlier H-3 attack), Saddam Hussein ordered the execution of the head of Iraq's Western Air Defense Zone, Colonel Fakhri Hussein Jaber and all officers under his command above the rank of major. A high-level Israeli negotiating team, led by then-Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yitzchak Shamir, negotiated with French presidents Valery Giscard-D’Estaing and his successor François Mitterand. Iraqi … The mission was aborted once and the date of the attack was rescheduled for the next month. "[78] Jonathan Steele, writing in The Guardian, described the reaction: Ten Iraqi soldiers and one French civilian were killed in the attack. In deliberations before the Cabinet, opponents of the attack represented about half of those who engaged in discussions. 2 Ibid 15 Rafael Eitan, “The Raid on the Reactor from the Point of View of the Chief of Staff,” Israel’s Strike Against the Iraqi Nuclear Reactor 7 June, 1981, Jerusalem: Menachem Begin Heritage Center: 2003, 31-32 21 Louis Rene Beres and Tsiddon-Chatto, Col. In 1979, however, the Israelis discovered that their recently acquired F-16s were capable of carrying two one-ton bombs at low altitude without refueling. The Iraqi press agency, which did not report the attack until after the Israeli announcement, said that nine aircraft had been involved. [74] The resolution also solemnly warned Israel to refrain from taking such measures in the future. The attack may actually have accelerated it. [82] Because of a mix of factors, including the Iran–Iraq War, international pressure and Iraqi payment problems, negotiations broke down in 1984 and France withdrew from the project. An examination of the reactor by Harvard physicist Richard Wilson after the attack concluded that the facility was not suited for production of weapons-grade plutonium. [62] Begin and his supporters, including Sharon, were far less pessimistic than their opponents about the political fallout. Israel Attacks Iraq Nuclear reactor- 1981 wikipedia the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate, publicly urged the Iranians to bomb the reactor. On June 7, 1981, the mission was given a green light. Operation Opera (Hebrew: מבצע אופרה‎),[1] also known as Operation Babylon,[2] was a surprise airstrike conducted by the Israeli Air Force on 7 June 1981, which destroyed an unfinished Iraqi nuclear reactor located 17 kilometres (11 miles) southeast of Baghdad, Iraq. [41] Three Israeli pilots died in accidents while training for the mission. [59] Upon reaching Iraqi airspace the squadron split up, with two of the F-15s forming close escort to the F-16 squadron, and the remaining F-15s dispersing into Iraqi airspace as a diversion and ready back-up. [28][29][30] In July 1980, Iraq received from France a shipment of approximately 12.5 kilograms of highly enriched uranium fuel to be used in the reactor. "[90] Louis René Beres wrote in 1995 that "[h]ad it not been for the brilliant raid at Osiraq, Saddam's forces might have been equipped with atomic warheads in 1991. [55] The source of the assertion is Ari Ben-Menashe, a former Israeli government employee. [44][45] This was the first attack on a nuclear reactor and only the third on a nuclear facility in the history of the world. Instead [it initiated] covert funding for a nuclear program code-named 'PC3' involving 5,000 people testing and building ingredients for a nuclear bomb.[101].
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