According to some sources, Ali performed the work outside the house and Fatimah performed the work inside the house, a setup that Muhammad had determined. In 630, Ali recited to a large gathering of pilgrims in Mecca a portion of the Quran that declared Muhammad and the Islamic community no longer bound by agreements made earlier with Arab polytheists. When Uthman declared that he would take whatever he needed from the fey', Ali exclaimed that in that case the caliph would be prevented by force. [201], Of note among sermons quoted in the book is the undotted sermon as well as the sermon without Aleph. He is a paragon of virtues, such as courage, magnanimity, sincerity, straightforwardness, eloquence and profound knowledge. Abū al-H̩asan Ali ibn Abi T̩alib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : أبو الحسن علي بن أبي طالب, en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب), souvent désigné simplement par son prénom Ali (Alī) est le cousin du prophète de l'islam Mahomet et fils d'Abû Tâlib, oncle de Mahomet qui l'a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son grand-père Abd al-Muttalib. [197], In later Islamic philosophy, especially in the teachings of Mulla Sadra and his followers, like Allameh Tabatabaei, Ali's sayings and sermons were increasingly regarded as central sources of metaphysical knowledge, or divine philosophy. According to Madelung, since Ali no longer considered Abu Musa as his representative, and did not appoint anyone in replace, he did not participate in the second arbitration. Who will respond to my call? In the memory of later generations Ali became the ideal Commander of the Faithful."[187]. Ali bin Abi Talib, le califat. These groups have, according to traditionalist Muslims, left Islam due to their exaggeration of a human being's praiseworthy traits. This met with difficulties since the rebels were divided into several groups: the Muhajirun, Ansar, Egyptians, Kufans and Basrites. Ali , est le cousin du prophète de l'islam Mahomet et fils d'Abû Tâlib, oncle de Mahomet qui l'a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son père Abdullah. This art was the exclusive preserve of Greece, whose sages were its only expounders. Muawiyah mobilised an army and refused to pay homage to Ali on the pretext that his contingent had not participated in the election. Muhammad designated Ali as one of the scribes who would write down the text of the Quran, which had been revealed to Muhammad during the previous two decades. Cousin et gendre du prophète Mohammed . Son nom et sa généalogie Il se nomme Abou l-Haçan 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib Ibni 'Abdi l-Mouttalib Ibni Hachim Ibni 'Abdi Manaf. Aboū al-H̩asan ʿAlī ibn Abī T̩ālib (v. 600 - 661) (en arabe : أبو الحسن علي بن أبي طالب), souvent désigné simplement par son prénom ʿAlī, est le fils d'Aboû Tâlib, oncle du Prophète, qui l’a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son grand-père ‘Abd al-Mottalib. [135], According to Laura Veccia Vaglieri, although A'ishah had supported opposition against Uthman, she had gone on pilgrimage to Mecca when they killed Uthman. For other people named Ali, see, Member of Muhammad's Household, first of the Shia Imams, and fourth Sunni Caliph (601-661), Inside view of the mosque in Najaf, before the renovations in 2008, From the death of Muhammad to the caliphate, لَا فِتَی إِلَّا عَلِيّ، لَا سَيْفَ إِلَّا ذُو ٱلْفِقَار, "If two parties of the Believers fight with one another, make peace between them, but if one rebels against the other, then fight against that one which rebels, until it returns to obedience to God...", Note that Al-Baqir is also regarded as an Imam by the, See at-Tabari: at-Tarikh, vol.6, p.186; as-Suyuti: ad-Durru 'lmanthur, vol.2, pp. [2][146] This gesture implied that two sides should put down their swords and settle their dispute referring to Quran. According to Veccia Vaglieri, Ali dissociated himself from Sabaʾiyya (Arabic: سبئية‎), the followers of Abdullah ibn Saba', who praised Ali beyond measures. Le premier à se lever pour lui prêter serment fut Talha ibn ‘Ubayd suivi de près par al-Zubayr. [172] Ali's birth in the Kaaba is regarded as a unique event proving his "high spiritual station" among Shia, while Sunni scholars consider it a great, if not unique, distinction.[5]. (see mawla and Event of Ghadir Khumm) Some Sunni writers, on the other hand, acknowledge the preeminence of Ali's knowledge in the Sharia, and his importance in the hadiths of the Prophet, however, do not consider these as a reason to determine Ali's political designation by the Prophet. According to Madelung, "Umayyad highhandedness, misrule and repression were gradually to turn the minority of Ali's admirers into a majority. [167][153] According to him, there is not even evidence that Ali had close relations with rebels who supported his caliphate, much less directed their actions. Le calife bien guidé ^Aliyy était le père de Al-H açan et de Al-H ouçayn.Il était le cousin paternel et le gendre du Prophète Mou h ammad. Although Ali exchanged several letters with Muawiyah, he was unable to dismiss the latter, nor persuade him to pledge allegiance. Wilferd Madelung has rejected the stance of indiscriminately dismissing everything not included in "early sources" and in this approach tendentiousness alone is no evidence for late origin. [227][233] [216], Ali is described as being bald, heavy built, short legged, with broad shoulders, a hairy body, a long white beard; and was affected by a form of eye inflammation. Sa mère est Fatima Bint 'Asad Ibni Hachim. [86] Following the gathering at Saqifa, Umar and his supporters were allegedly sent by the new Caliph to Ali's house where Ali, Fatimah, and some of their allies were gathered. According to Madelung and Vaglieri, Ali has been a subject of controversy in the writings of later writers; since the conflicts in which he was involved, were perpetuated in polemical sectarian historiography, biographical and history materials is often biased. Ali wrote: Infuse your heart with mercy, love and kindness for your subjects. Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas was absent and 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar abstained from offering his allegiance, but both of them assured 'Ali that they would not act against him.[13][14]. After likening Jesus' miraculous birth to Adam's creation,[55] Muhammad called them to mubahala (conversation), where each party should bring their knowledgeable men, women and children, and ask God to curse the lying party and their followers. In the same time, revolts took place in Khorasan and the East Arab rules were overthrown, but the riot in Fars was put down by Caliph's governor. Ali , est le cousin du prophète de l'islam Mahomet et fils d'Abû Tâlib, oncle de Mahomet qui l'a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son père Abdullah. nécessaire]. Thus the Christian monks vanished from Mubahala. United Nations on Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib Published on May 18, 2017 May 18, 2017 • 109 Likes • 14 Comments Initially, 'Ali refused to accept the office, simply because his most vigorous supporters were rebels. Soon after Ali became caliph, he dismissed Uthman's governors immediately, against the counsel of his advisers that it would not be politically wise to do so, as he refused to be complicit in their injustice and corruption. These wells are known today as Abar Ali ("Ali's wells"). There are also some books known as Manāqib which describe Ali's character from a religious viewpoint. According to some ahadith, a verse was revealed about Ali concerning his sacrifice on the night of Hijra which says "And among men is he who sells his nafs (self) in exchange for the pleasure of Allah. O ye sons of Abdul Muttalib, no one ever came to you before with anything better than what I have brought to you. Ali ibn Abi Talib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : علي بن أبي طالب, ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب). Abbas ibn Ali ibn Abi-Talib (العباس بن علي) est le fils d'Ali ibn Abi Talib (le premier Imam chiite) et de Fatimah bint Hizam al-Qilabiyya (qui fut son épouse après la mort de sa première femme Fatima Zahra, la fille du Prophète Mahomet). [228], There are many verses interpreted by Shia scholars as referring to Ali or other Shia Imams. Sa naissance était prématurée (il est venu au monde au sixième mois de la grossesse). Ninth- and tenth-century historians collected, selected and arranged the available narrations. Its influence can be sensed in the logical co-ordination of terms, the deduction of correct conclusions, and the creation of certain technical terms in Arabic which entered the literary and philosophical language independently of the translation into Arabic of Greek texts.[198]. This supplication is still used by Muslims as a supplicatory prayer. According to Sayed Ali Asgher Razwy in A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims, "Ali and [the] Qur'an 'grew up' together as 'twins' in the house of Muhammad Mustafa and Khadija-tul-Kubra."[26]. The primary sources for scholarship on the life of Ali are the Qur'an and ahadith, as well as other texts of early Islamic history. Umayyads placed pressure upon Ali's family and his Shia. Il a régné de 656 à 659. [111] [186] The question as to whether the arbiter would represent Ali or the Kufans caused a further split in Ali's army. Reference. Once again, Ali was the only one to respond, and again, Muhammad told him to wait. Il fut le père de Al-Hassan ibn Ali et de Al-Hussein ibn Ali . [118], According to Abu Mekhnaf's narration, Talhah was the first prominent companion who gave his pledge to 'Ali, but other accounts claimed otherwise, stating they were forced to give their pledge. "[39] La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 6 mai 2021 à 21:54. Ali ibn Abi Talib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : علي بن أبي طالب, ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب). [196] Ibn Abi al-Hadid has quoted, As for theosophy and dealing with matters of divinity, it was not an Arab art. L’émir des fidèles Ali ibn Abi Talib est considéré comme le quatrième des califes bien guidés. Ali ibn Abi Tâlib : Quatrième Calife orthodoxe. [1][207][208] Ali's influence has been important throughout Islamic history. [215][2] Mais le Prophète déclara que Dieu lui donnera deux ailes aux paradis pour qu'ils puissent voler avec où il désire en récompense de son combat dans le sentier de Dieu et ses souffrances pour la noble cause. He went to the Christians and said "this is my family" and covered himself and his family with a cloak. This instruction, which has historically been viewed as the ideal constitution for Islamic governance, alongside the Constitution of Medina, involved detailed descriptions of the duties and rights of the ruler, the various functionaries of the state, and the main classes of society at that time. Ali was righteous but suffered injustice, he was authoritative but also compassionate and humble, vigorous but also patient, learned but also a man of labor. [1] In Muslim culture, Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbending devotion to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism. [178] 'Ali ordered his sons not to attack the Kharijites, instead stipulating that if he survived, ibn Muljam would be pardoned whereas if he died, ibn Muljam should be given only one equal hit (regardless of whether or not he died from the hit). [citation needed] It is believed in Twelver and Ismaili Shaa Islam that 'aql, divine wisdom, was the source of the souls of the Prophets and Imams and gave them esoteric knowledge called ḥikmah and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. Puis, selon l'Encyclopédie de l'Islam : « Prenant Ali par la main, Mahomet demande à ses fidèles : « Ô gens ! [231][232] However, there are few verses that some Sunni commentators interpret as referring to Ali, among which are The verse of Wilayah (Quran, 5:55) that Sunni and Shia scholars[c] believe refers to the incident where Ali gave his ring to a beggar who asked for alms while performing ritual prayers in the mosque. https://www.ajib.fr/serie-biographie-des-10-compagnons-ali-ibn-abi-talib [36], Ali was the only one to answer Muhammad's call. [175], In the last year of Ali's caliphate, the mood in Kufa and Basra changed in Ali's favour as the people became disillusioned with Muawiyah's reign and policies. [141] The Battle of the Camel started in 656, where Ali emerged victorious. [87] Several scholars, such as Al-Tabari and Ibn Qutaybah, relate that Umar threatened to burn the building down if Ali refused to acknowledge Abu Bakr's authority. En effet, ces derniers partagent le même grand-père. ABONNE-TOI : Nouvelle vidéo le mardi, jeudi et samedi à 7h. Aimer Ali ibn Abi Talib (P.A.a) est un devoir pour tout croyant. According to Gleave, Nahj al-Balagha's third sermon, Shaqshaqiya Sermon, in which Ali reveals his claim to Caliphate and his superiority over Abu bakr, Umar and Uthman, is the most controversial section of the book. The Sunnis recognize the first four caliphs as Muhammad's rightful successors. [2] According to Vaglieri, this was judged in later time, as a treacherous trick and disloyal act. This led these scholars to regard certain reported events as inauthentic or irrelevant. The anniversary of his death is called the Day of Ashura and it is a day of mourning and religious observance for Shia Muslims. [176], On 19 Ramadan AH 40, which would correspond to 26 January 661,[177] while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, Ali was attacked by the Kharijite Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam. "[150], The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. Son courage, sa force physique et ses qualités de guerrier, aussi bien que son ascetisme, sa sagesse et sa large connaissance juridique ont fait de lui une figure légendaire. [67] He commanded the Muslim army in the Battle of the Trench, where he defeated the legendary Arab warrior Amr ibn Abd al-Wud. Ali ibn Abi Talib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : أبو الحسن علي بن أبي طالب, en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب). Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب‎, ʿAlīy ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; 13 September 601 – 29 January 661)[2] was a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 until his assassination in 661. The successful formation of this diverse coalition seems to be due to Ali's charisma. On the tenth day of Muharram, of the year 680, Husayn lined up before the army of the caliph with his small band of followers and nearly all of them were killed in the Battle of Karbala. Il en est de même de l’appuyer et de le soutenir dans la vérité. ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (Arabo علي بن أبي طالب, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; La Mecca, 17 marzo 599 – Kufa, 28 febbraio 661) è stato cugino e genero del profeta dell'Islam Maometto, avendone sposato la figlia Fāṭima nel 622.Divenne nel 656 il quarto califfo dell'Islam ed è considerato dallo Sciismo il suo primo Imam. According to Vaglieri, the quality which caused this impression was a "programme of social and economic reforms"(based on his religious spirit) which Ali supported it by his own authority. [47][48] Error catches them unaware, deficiencies overcome them, (evil deeds) are committed by them intentionally and by mistake. [249] Under the Safavid Empire, his grave became the focus of much devoted attention, exemplified in the pilgrimage made by Shah Ismail I to Najaf and Karbala.[29]. [264] When paper was introduced to Muslim society, numerous monographs were written between 750 and 950. In addition, some hidden or occult sciences such as jafr, Islamic numerology, and the science of the symbolic significance of the letters of the Arabic alphabet, are said to have been established by Ali[1] through his having studied the texts of al-Jafr and al-Jamia. [2], According to Vaglieri, the rebels asked Ali to be their head, and although he refused and should be excluded from the bloody conclusion of their act, but, Vaglieri says, there are reasons that Ali was in agreement with rebels that Uthman should abdicate. Skirmishes between the parties led to the Battle of Siffin in 657. Abu Musa then proposed, and Amr agreed, to depose both Ali and Muawiyah and submit the selection of the new caliph to a Shura. [99], At the beginning of Abu Bakr's caliphate, there was a controversy about Muhammad's endowment to his daughter, especially the oasis of Fadak, between Fatimah and Ali on one side and Abu Bakr on the other side. Ali ibn Abi Talib (عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب) was Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and was the fourth of the "four rightly guided caliphs". [171], Ali continued to be regarded as Caliph by his followers in the last year of his life, however the number of his partisan were reducing. Cousin et gendre du Prophète Muhammad, ‘Alî ibn Abû Tâlib est, comme lui, issu du clan hashîmite [] de la tribu mecquoise des Quraysh. La bataille de Mu’tah est l’une des guerres majeures jamais menées par les troupes islamiques. Tafsir al-Tabari vol. [réf. Il est l'auteur de nombreuses citations, sermons et réflexions qui ont été recueillis dans divers livres tels que Nahj al Balagha (La voie de l'éloquence), surtout étudié par les chiites. There were also supplications such as Du'a Kumayl which were taught to his companions. »  ; la foule a crié  : « Il est vrai, ô Messager d'Allah  ! "[219] Les califes («successeurs») s’énumèrent comme suit: Abou Bakr As-Siddiq (calife de 632 à 634), Omar Ibn Al-Khattâb (calife de 634 à 644), Othman Ibn Affân (calife de 644 à 656), Ali ibn Abi Talib … ... Ali Ibn Abî Talib. Muawiyah allowed 'Amr ibn al-'As to move against Egypt and 'Amr eventually conquered it for the second time in his career. He used his time to serve his family and worked as a farmer. Lors de la bataille de Siffin (Syrie, 657), il doit affronter le gouverneur de Damas, le fils d'Abu Sufyan, Mu‘âwîya membre de la famille de ‘Uthman. 1 numéro d'Al-Tawhid, Biographie du Qadi Abu Abdallah al-Quda'i, Extraits de La Voie de l'éloquence (bilingue français-arabe), 40 Ahadith-Le couronnement de l'Islam, Ghadir, Les caractéristiques du véritable savant musulman selon 'Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib, Les droits du savant selon 'Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib&oldid=182655165, Article manquant de références depuis avril 2014, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais, Article manquant de références depuis janvier 2019, Recension temporaire pour le modèle Ouvrage, Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité, Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Politique, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Entreprises, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Religions et croyances, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence, Califat d'Abu Bakr : à la mort de Mahomet en. His policy of equal distribution of taxes and booty gained the support of Muhammad's companions, especially the Ansar who were subordinated by the Quraysh leadership after Muhammad, the traditional tribal leaders, and the Qurra or Qur'anic reciters that sought pious Islamic leadership. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. [49] When the economic situations of the Muslims became better, Fatimah gained some maids but treated them like her family and performed the house duties with them. [57] According to Muslim sources, when one of the Christian monks saw their faces, he advised his companions to withdraw from Mubahala for the sake of their lives and families. Ali reste cependant un personnage emblématique dans l'histoire musulmane, empreint d'un charisme incontestable. Then he narrates that Imam Ali al-Rida, eighth Shia Imam, in discussion with Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, referred to this verse to prove the superiority of Muhammad's progeny over the rest of the Muslim community, and considered it proof of Ali's right to the caliphate due to God having made Ali like the self of Muhammad. [179] 'Ali died two days later on 29 January 661 (21 Ramadan AH 40). La date exacte de la naissance d'Ali est inconnue. According to Allameh Tabatabaei's Tafsir al-Mizan, the word "Our selves" in this verse[56] refers to Muhammad and Ali. [226] Ali holds a high position in almost all Sufi orders which trace their lineage through him to Muhammad. Muhammad told him to sit down, saying, "Wait! « Qu’est ce que c’est que ça ! '"[37] In another narration, when Muhammad accepted Ali's eager offer, Muhammad "threw up his arms around the generous youth, and pressed him to his bosom" and said, "Behold my brother, my vizir, my vicegerent...Let all listen to his words, and obey him. De nombreux soufis interprètent aussi l'épisode comme un transfert de pouvoir spirituel du pouvoir de Mahomet à Ali.
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