Relations with USSR / Russia: The relations with former USSR / Soviet Russia had been very strained since Pakistan's alienation towards the West, specially the USA soon after independence. The ties between Russia and Pakistan are formed on the very foundation of unsteady relations … China will never let anyone hurt its allies. As regards the military relations between the two countries, a defense-counter terrorism related agreement was signed in 2014. Pak-Russia relationship may become true strategic partnership in future. While the world in 2020 is in many ways changed from that time, 1971 looms large in the India-Russia relationship today. The media is full of negative news and incidents. The Russia-Pakistan defence cooperation is relatively recent, considering the Russia-Pakistan diplomatic relations. Iran-Pakistan relations are embedded in history, culture and religion. Russia knows it. Russia-Pakistan relations have many constants and variables. We are passing through critical moments in humankind’s history, where wars, threats, killings, aggression, coercion, instability, extremism, and terrorim are common phenomena. Pakistan supported the cause of Algeria's independence from France. The new emerging geostrategic realities of the region have led to the new convergence between the two estranged states. Botswana: Botswana has diplomatic relations with Pakistan which is covered by the Botswanan Embassy in Beijing, China and an embassy located in Islamabad within the Republic of Yemen. The Prime Minister fondly recalled his interaction with President Vladimir Putin during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit in Bishkek in June 2019. Russia-Pakistan relations in the post cold war era have improved reasonably. Pakistan-Russia relations. And while Russia has been in normal relations with China for a while now, their relations significantly improved when Russia annexed Crimea in 2014 and the West started putting heavy sanctions on Moscow. Pakistan–United States relations refers to the bilateral relationship between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the United States of America. Russia and Pakistan recently held high-level talks on militancy and nuclear proliferation, a sign of warming relations following lingering Cold War antagonism. Constants could be identified as geography/Afghanistan, history and the India … Pakistan-Russia mutual relations and issues of regional and global importance were discussed in the meeting. In that year, there was an announcement from Russia about lifting up of the embargo on selling of defence equipment to Pakistan. Pakistan-Russia Relations: Progress, Prospects and Constraints 67 the US and Afghanistan which the former thinks is an attempt to establish Delhi‟s military influence in Afghanistan and which is a strategy that indeed may have the aim of encircling Pakistan. Nevertheless, that isn't seen as an impediment to the improvement of bilateral relations by either side, writes Andrew Korybko. Pakistan’s support of the muhajideen, or anti-Soviet Afghan freedom fighters during the 1979 Soviet War in Afghanistan, has strained Russian and Pakistani political relations. Russia supports India's annexation and subsequent bifurcation of Jammu & Kashmir while Pakistan is adamantly against it. 2014 was the watershed year in the defence cooperation between the two nations. I Andrew Korybko The Valdai Club, Russia’s most prestigious think tank, published a thought-provoking and visionary piece on Russian-Pakistani relations in the aftermath of the Pulwama attack and the latest round of Indo-Pak hostilities that it provoked. Russia has tried to revive itself in the international arena particularly in the West Asia and South Asia, with its involvement in Afghanistan Peace deal (both Afghan Government and Taliban) particularly after United States troops withdrawal after 2014, Russia needs to improve relations with Pakistan, a neighbour of Afghanistan, a beneficial step in the strategic and location aspect. The Strengthening Russia-Pakistan Relations. Under the deal 4 Mi35 helicopters were also sold by Russia to Pakistan. If Russia improves strategic relations with Pakistan it might be able to influence Pakistan to play constructive role in Afghanistan and not to act against India. China is a traditional ally of Pakistan and always supports it in any international conflicts. The newfound Russia-Pakistan Relations are surging as a step towards increasing the gas market for the Russian energy industry. The background to this was that this visit to Pakistan would mean that Pakistan would become the first destination for Putin after his reappointment as President, and he was worried that this might concern India.2 However, 2014 is the year which is said to be the turning point in Pakistan-Russia relations. This would be a regional interest as regional powers like to see stability in Afghanistan. Pakistan is nucleus of CPEC, thus, cordial relations with Pakistan will be in the interest of Russia. India’s strategic establishment is watching closely how the new-found warmth in Russia-Pakistan bilateral relations plays out. Russia is considering the opportunity of extending commerce and economic ties with Pakistan on the energy front. PAKISTAN and Russia do not have a history of conducive relationship. Sixthly, Pakistan is in search of new friends. On 20 October 1947, two months and six days after Pakistan's independence, the United States established relations with Pakistan, making it amongst the first nations to establish relations with the new state. Both the countries are gradually working towards building strategic trust, said Shafqat Khan, Pakistan’s current Ambassador to Russia. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia’s relationship is walking a fine line. In an e-mail interview, Dmitri Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, discussed Russia-Pakistan relations. Russia-Pakistan Relations may be further boosted as both nations are now evaluating collaboration on energy. Pakistan must refrain to take side with any power block and maintain good trade and economic relations with all countries and achieve a sustainable developed economy. One of the most profound geopolitical consequences of the Pulwama attack and the latest round of Indo-Pak hostilities that […] Notably, Russia openly had objected to NATO strikes in Pakistan. Pakistan must adapt a realist approach through its newly conceived geo-economic policy. Russia–Pakistan military relations have been progressing at a time when US–India strategic partnership is growing, and US–Russian relations are deteriorating along with a downslide in US–Pakistan relations.1 The third section examines possible convergence between Russian and Pakistani security outlooks. The premier recalled that he had underscored his desire to take the bilateral relationship between Russia and Pakistan to a new level during a meeting with President Vladimir Putin in June 2019. Pakistan has sufficient deterrence to defend itself from any aggression. There are friendly foreign relations between Algeria and Pakistan. India took advantage of this and had since very strategic relations with USSR and now Russia. Such events like the…