Denmark, country occupying the peninsula of Jutland, which extends northward from the center of continental western Europe, and an archipelago of more than 400 islands to the east of the peninsula. This civic code covered the Danish part of the Jutland Peninsula, i.e. [171], Denmark is a historically homogeneous nation. [65] The deforestation has created large swaths of heathland and devastating sand drifts. [128], Once a predominantly agricultural country on account of its arable landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its industrial base and service sector. When the industrialisation began in the 19th century, the social order was upheaved and with it the focus of the intelligentsia and the educated changed as well. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden, while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. Retrieved 18 December 2018", "The Danish Government: Denmark's Convergence Programme 2018, p. 8. The total circulation was 500,000 daily in 1901, more than doubling to 1.2 million in 1925. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars,[164] as the cost for older cars—including taxes—keeps them within the budget of many Danes. Under the county system certain densely populated municipalities, such as Copenhagen Municipality and Frederiksberg, had been given a status equivalent to that of counties, making them first-level administrative divisions. Denmark has been greatly criticised by the Greenlandic community for the politics of Danization (50's and 60's) of and discrimination against the indigenous population of the country. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of Jutland and the nearest islands were settled by tribal Jutes. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise pornography,[218] and in 2012, Denmark replaced its "registered partnership" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989,[219][220] with gender-neutral marriage, and allowed same-sex marriages to be performed in the Church of Denmark. [148], The level of unemployment benefits is dependent on former employment and normally on membership of an unemployment fund, which is usually closely connected to a trade union, and previous payment of contributions. Danish companies have been influential in the shipping industry with the design of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the Maersk Triple E class, and Danish engineers have contributed to the design of MAN Diesel engines. Denmark is a member of the EU but not the eurozone. Much of its law is customary.[102]. The country's most famous classical composer is Carl Nielsen (1865-1931), especially remembered for his six symphonies and his Wind Quintet, while the Royal Danish Ballet specialises in the work of the Danish choreographer August Bournonville. [4] Old Saxony was later referred to as Holstein. [109][110] The Danish Defence has around 1,400[111] staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to NATO SNMCMG1. In the 1645 Treaty of Brømsebro, Denmark surrendered Halland, Gotland, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway. Old Saxony was politically absorbed into the Carolingian Empire and Abodrites (or Obotrites), a group of Wendish Slavs who pledged allegiance to Charlemagne and who had for the most part converted to Christianity, were moved into the area to populate it. Blåvand. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Denmark. Newspaper article 17 November 2016 on finans.dk. The Jutes migrated to Great Britain eventually, some as mercenaries of Brythonic King Vortigern, and were granted the south-eastern territories of Kent, the Isle of Wight and other areas, where they settled. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km[162] and an estimated 7,000 km[163] of segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes, Denmark has a solid bicycle infrastructure. [201] Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Denmark's electricity sector has integrated energy sources such as wind power into the national grid. [98] Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the prime minister to ask the monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. [210][212], Denmark shares strong cultural and historic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours Sweden and Norway. During peacetime, the Ministry of Defence employs around 33,000 in total. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and territorial losses that had begun in the 17th century. Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of Western philosophy. The economy grew by 2.0% in 2016 and 2.1% in 2017. The Danish Supreme Court is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in the Kingdom. Circa 65% of the financing comes from earmarked member contributions, whereas the remaining third originates from the central government and hence ultimately from general taxation.[149]. [19], In the southernmost and northernmost parts of Jutland, there are associations striving to conserve their respective dialects, including the North Frisian language-speaking areas in Schleswig-Holstein. [6][7] In 1850, the largest Jutland towns of Aalborg, Aarhus and Randers had no more than about 8,000 inhabitants each; by 1901, Aarhus had grown to 51,800 citizens.[8]. [134] 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. [60] Denmark has an average of 179 days per year with precipitation, on average receiving a total of 765 millimetres (30 in) per year; autumn is the wettest season and spring the driest. [73] To mitigate environmental degradation and global warming the Danish Government has signed the Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol. During the industrialisation of the 1800s, Jutland experienced a large and accelerating urbanisation and many people from the countryside chose to emigrate. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number from 270. Mads Mikkelsen is a world-renowned Danish actor, having starred in films such as King Arthur, Casino Royale, the Danish film The Hunt, and the American TV series Hannibal. Furthermore, around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the Danish Home Guard. Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where his students included notable painters such as Wilhelm Bendz, Christen Købke, Martinus Rørbye, Constantin Hansen, and Wilhelm Marstrand. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support joining the EMU, but since 2010 opinion polls have consistently shown a clear majority against adopting the euro. Retrieved December 6 2018", "OECD Revenue Statistics 2018 - Denmark. With the Age of Enlightenment came Ludvig Holberg whose comedy plays are still being performed. Danish is the de facto national language of Denmark. ", "International Profiles of Health Care Systems", "Country Comparison :: Life Expectancy at Birth", "In Danish 'ghettos', immigrants feel stigmatized and shut out", "In Denmark's Plan To Rid Country Of 'Ghettos,' Some Immigrants Hear 'Go Home, "In Denmark, Harsh New Laws for Immigrant 'Ghettos, "Danes to double penalty for ghetto crime", "Denmark to school 'ghetto' kids in democracy and Christmas", "Here's what we know about Denmark's 'ghetto plan, "What to Know About Denmark's Plan to End Immigrant "Ghettos, "Denmark approves same-sex marriage and church weddings", "Denmark passes bill allowing gays to marry in church", Denmark – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. [56] No location in Denmark is farther from the coast than 52 km (32 mi). It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. [204] Although the obesity rate is lower than in North America and most other European countries,[205] the large number of Danes becoming overweight is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of DKK 1,625 million. The five administrative regions came into effect on 1 January 2007, following a structural reform.[3]. In the Thirty Years' War, Christian tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter. [54] Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015),[55] with the largest being Zealand, the North Jutlandic Island, and Funen. West Jutland is characterised by open lands, heaths, plains and peat bogs, while East Jutland is more fertile with lakes and lush forests. For example, flooding occurs along the southern coast of the island of Lolland, and parts of Jutland. [17][N 6] The remaining 13.89% were of foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. According to OECD, initial as well as long-term net replacement rates for unemployed persons were 65% of previous net income in 2016, against an OECD average of 53%. After the Second Schleswig War in 1864, Denmark lost the Duchy of Schleswig to Prussia. [195] The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together. A new constitution established a two-chamber parliament. More children survived, and people lived longer and healthier lives. Combined with falling grain prices on the international markets because of the Long Depression, and better opportunities in the cities due to an increasing industrialisation, many people in the countryside relocated to larger towns or emigrated. [252] As a result of these developments, Denmark now have a considerable number of internationally acclaimed restaurants of which several have been awarded Michelin stars. Known as the Modern Breakthrough, this movement was championed by Georg Brandes, Henrik Pontoppidan (awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature) and J. P. Jacobsen. The Constitution of Denmark – Section 15. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}56°N 10°E / 56°N 10°E / 56; 10, – in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green), Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ˈtænmɑk] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,[N 10] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. Søren Kierkegaard (1818–1855) grew up in Copenhagen as the son of a stern and religious West Jutlandic wool merchant who had worked his way up from a frugal childhood. The fortifications have been estimated to be the largest construction project ever performed in Denmark at a cost of then 10 billion kroner, or 300-400 billion DKK today (45-60 billion USD or 40-54 billion euro in 2019). There have been three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema: erotic melodrama of the silent era; the increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s; and lastly, the Dogme 95 movement of the late 1990s, where directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against big-budget studios. The Danish Golden Age, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, typified in the later previous century by history painter Nicolai Abildgaard. Denmark holds a Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 0.5/10, ranking it 171st globally out of 172 countries—behind only San Marino. [234][235], Danish mass media date back to the 1540s, when handwritten fly sheets reported on the news. Other regional structures use the municipal boundaries as a layout, including the police districts, the court districts and the electoral wards. [citation needed] There were some instances of Danish mob attacks against German-minded citizens. The areas of responsibility for the regional councils are the national health service, social services and regional development. While international co-operation and activity has almost always been essential to the Danish artistic community, influential art collectives with a firm Danish base includes De Tretten (1909–1912), Linien (1930s and 1940s), COBRA (1948–1951), Fluxus (1960s and 1970s), De Unge Vilde (1980s) and more recently Superflex (founded in 1993). and Ekstra Bladet. Danish contractors and 50,000–100,000 workers were hired to fulfill the German projects. [210][211] As a result, the term is widely used in the media and common parlance. Administratively, Danish Jutland comprises three of Denmark's five regions, namely Nordjylland, Midtjylland and the western half of Southern Denmark, which includes Funen. [141], Like other Nordic countries, Denmark has adopted the Nordic Model, which combines free market capitalism with a comprehensive welfare state and strong worker protection. The railway tracks are maintained by Banedanmark. The main railway operator is DSB for passenger services and DB Schenker Rail for freight trains. Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen is the largest music festival in Northern Europe since 1971 and Denmark has many recurring music festivals of all genres throughout, including Aarhus International Jazz Festival, Skanderborg Festival, The Blue Festival in Aalborg, Esbjerg International Chamber Music Festival and Skagen Festival among many others.[242][243]. Neither the Faroe Islands nor Greenland are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies. From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the Greenlandic Inuit, encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Blokhus. The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary state that comprises, in addition to Denmark proper, two autonomous territories[16] in the North Atlantic Ocean: Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The councils are headed by regional district chairmen (regionsrådsformanden), who are elected by the council. [70], In 2020, Denmark was placed first in the Environmental Performance Index. [156] The country is a member nation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). [167][168][169] This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and health care systems,[170] and its low level of income inequality. Copenhagen Airport is Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014. [92][93] In practice, the duties of the monarch are strictly representative and ceremonial,[N 13][94] such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other Government ministers. "Angle-land"). Holidays. [59] The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) in 1975 and −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) in 1982. Other popular sports include golf—which is mostly popular among those in the older demographic;[256] tennis—in which Denmark is successful on a professional level; basketball—Denmark joined the international governing body FIBA in 1951;[257] rugby—the Danish Rugby Union dates back to 1950;[258] ice hockey— often competing in the top division in the Men's World Championships; rowing—Denmark specialise in lightweight rowing and are particularly known for their lightweight coxless four, having won six gold and two silver World Championship medals and three gold and two bronze Olympic medals; and several indoor sports—especially badminton, table tennis and gymnastics, in each of which Denmark holds World Championships and Olympic medals. In the four largest cities – Copenhagen, Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg – light rail systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.[161]. Beatty's faster force of six ships of the 1st and 2nd Battlecruiser Squadrons plus the 5th Battle Squadron of four fast battleships left the Firth of Forth on the next day; [citation needed] Jellicoe intended to rendezvous with him 90 mi (78 nmi; 140 km) west of the mouth of the Skagerrak off the coast of Jutland and wait for the Germans to appear or for their intentions to become clear. Jutland has historically been one of the three lands of Denmark, the other two being Scania and Zealand.Before that, according to Ptolemy, Jutland or the Cimbric Chersonese was the home of Teutons, Cimbri and Charudes.. The historic southern border of Jutland was the river Eider, which forms the border between the former duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, as well as the border between the Danish and German realms from c. 850 to 1864.
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