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The SADR and Polisario institutions often overlapped, and their division of power was often hard to ascertain. When it originally began the anti-Spanish rebellion, Polisario was forced to capture its weapons individually, and transport them only by foot or camel. Abdelaziz characterized them as a substitute path for the armed struggle, and indicated that if peaceful protest was squashed, in its view, without a referendum forthcoming, its armed forces would intervene. A more comprehensive merger of these different organizational patterns (military organization/refugee camps/SADR) was not achieved until the 1991 congress, when both the Polisario and SADR organizations were overhauled, integrated into the camp structure and further separated from each other. Il est indéniable pour le Professeur japonais que la majorité de la population du Sahara vit au Maroc et qu’un grand nombre de familles des populations des camps de Tindouf et de dirigeants du “polisario” retournent au Maroc, discréditant les revendications de cette entité comme étant la “représentante légitime” de cette population. Cette page présente la liste des pays par population. [13] Mauritania also attempts to avoid involvement and to balance between Morocco and Polisario's backers in Algeria, although it formally recognizes the SADR as Western Sahara's government since 1984 and has a substantial Sahrawi refugee population (around 30,000) on its territory. Instead, the entire Eastern Bloc decided in favor of ties and trade with Morocco and refused to recognize the SADR. Apart from the Algerian military, material and humanitarian aid, food and emergency resources are provided by international organizations such as the WHO and UNHCR. The most intense open warfare in the conflict in Western Sahara occurred during the Cold War. [citation needed] However, the referendum stalled over disagreements on voter rights. Il convient de rappeler que "le taux d’incidence représente le nombre de nouveaux cas de Covid-19 diagnostiqués par un test de dépistage PCR SARS-CoV-2 ou un examen approfondi effectué avec un scanner thoracique rapportés au nombre d’habitants de chaque wilaya". It was, despite a few changes, inherited from the before 1975, when the Polisario Front functioned as a small, tightly-knit guerrilla movement, with a few hundred members. This meant that most power rested in the hands of the Secretary General and a nine-man executive committee, elected at congresses and with different military and political responsibilities. Mauritania withdrew all its forces, and later formally recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, causing a massive rupture in relations with Morocco. The SPLA traditionally employed ghazzi tactics, i.e., motorized surprise raids over great distances, which were inspired by the traditional camel-back war parties of the Sahrawi tribes. A l’origine de cet échec, le déplacement dans la capitale sénégalaise de représentants des Conseils élus de Laâyoune Sakia El Hamra et Dakhla Oued Eddahab deux grandes régions du Sahara. Surface-to-air missiles (anti-aircraft missiles, as SA-6s, SA-7s, SA-8s and SA-9s) have downed several Moroccan F-5 fighter jets, and helped compensate for the complete Moroccan control of the skies. Or, selon différentes évaluations de la population effectuées par des experts en démographie sur bases d’images satellites ou encore sur base de témoignages de responsables du Polisario, le nombre de réfugiés se situerait entre 40.000 et 50.000. “Moins de 20% des habitants des camps de Tindouf sont originaires de Laâyoune, Es-smara ou Boujdour (sud du Maroc, le reste étant des touaregs et des ressortissants de pays limitrophes comme la Mauritanie, le Mali, le Niger et le Tchad”, a révélé Hamada El Bihi, qui a rallié le Maroc en 2014, après avoir vécu pendant 40 ans dans ces camps. Étant donné qu'aucune statistique de population n'est disponible pour les localités sous contrôle du Polisario, il est difficile d'en préciser le nombre des habitants, mais la population totale de ce territoire est estimée à quelque 30 000 personnes, essentiellement nomades. D’après El Bihi, président de la Ligue du Sahara pour la démocratie et les droits de l’Homme, basée à Laâyoune, les dirigeants du Polisario sous les ordres des généraux algériens, ont toujours gonflé le nombre des habitants de ces camps aux fins d’obtenir davantage d’aide humanitaire internationale. Au cours des années 1980, le Polisario revendiquera 300 000 ressortissants, et certaines ONG qui lui sont proches avanceront même le chiffre astronomique de 700 000 réfugiés ! Les conseils élus par les habitants des provinces du Sud du Maroc, au terme des élections communales et régionales, outre les députés et conseillers siégeant, au nom de ces régions, au p It is subdivided into committees handling defense, diplomatic affairs, etc. gherrrabi 3 avril 2021 COOPÉRATION, CULTURE, ECONOMIE, ENVIRONNEMENT, MONDE, POLITIQUE, SOCIÉTÉ Leave a comment 490 Views But its arsenals display a bewildering variety of material, much of it captured from Spanish, Mauritanian (Panhard AMLs) or Moroccan forces (Eland Mk7s, Ratel IFVs, AMX-13s, SK-105 Kürassiers) and made in France, the United States, South Africa, Austria, or Britain. El Bihi raconte qu’à son retour sur sa terre natale, il a découvert que les provinces du Sahara marocain ont “radicalement” changé de visage et connaissent une “dynamique sans précédent” avec l’ouverture des grands chantiers de la voie express entre Agadir et Dakhla, le gigantesque projet du port Atlantique à Dakhla, les aéroports de Laâyoune et Dakhla, les stations de dessalement d’eau mer, les complexes sportifs, les hôpitaux, la faculté de médecine à Laâyoune, etc… Il a enfin fustigé le climat de terreur et de répression qu’imposent les tortionnaires du Polisario aux habitants des camps ainsi que les disparitions forcées et les arrestations arbitraires ciblant les opposants et les militants des droits de l’homme. L'Union européenne est peuplée de 511 805 088 habitants. But after the movement took on the role as a state-in-waiting in 1975, based in the refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria, this structure proved incapable of dealing with its vastly expanded responsibilities. All residents of the camps have a vote in the Popular Congresses, and participate in the administrative work in the camp through base-level 11-person cells, which form the smallest unit of the refugee camp political structure. Polisario had handed in its own proposal the day before, which insisted on the previously agreed referendum, but allowed for negotiating the status of Moroccans now living in the territory should the outcome of a referendum be in favor of independence. In 2004, South Africa announced formal recognition of the SADR, delayed for ten years despite unequivocal promises by Nelson Mandela as apartheid fell. C’est pour ces raisons, a-t-il confié à l’agence MAP, que le Polisario et le pouvoir algérien ont refusé toutes les demandes de recensement de ces habitants émises par des agences spécialisées de l’ONU, dont le Haut Commissariat pour les réfugiés (HCR). This made the Polisario almost wholly dependent mainly on Algeria and Libya and some African and Latin American third world countries for political support, plus some NGOs from European countries (Sweden, Norway, Spain, etc.) However, the conflict was never fully dragged into the United-States–Soviet dynamics like many other conflicts. Nombre de décès : le nombre de personnes inscrites dans une des villes concernées, pour lesquelles un décès a été enregistré entre le 1 er et le dernier jour du mois écoulé. The 2003 NS, elected at the 11th GPC in Tifariti, Western Sahara, has 41 members. This came since the announced referendum for Western Sahara was never held. [citation needed], The 30-year cease-fire between Morocco and Polisario Front was broken in November 2020 as the government tried to open a road in the Guerguerat buffer zone near the border with Mauritania. Until 1991, the Polisario Front's structure was much different from the present one. Today 45 countries around the world recognize the legitimacy of the Polisario over Western Sahara. The NS is elected by the GPC. Les champs obligatoires sont indiqués avec *. Both parties have used mines extensively in the conflict, but some mine-clearing operations have been carried out under MINURSO supervision since the ceasefire agreement.[19][20]. The Sahrawi People's Liberation Army, (SPLA; also romanized as Saharawi; often abbreviated as ELPS or ELP from the Spanish: Ejército de Liberación Popular Saharaui), is the SADR's army and previously served as the armed wing of the Polisario prior to the foundation of the Republic. The modern SPLA is equipped mainly with outdated Russian-manufactured weaponry, donated by Algeria. La non-représentativité du Polisario et sa « dé-reconnaissance » des pays africains, ... « Nous ne connaissons pas le nombre exact des habitants des camps ou leurs origines. It is a consultative member of the Socialist International. Today Polisario controls the part of the Western Sahara on the east of the Moroccan Wall. [14] At the level of international relations, Algeria appears as a main actor and negotiator in opposition to Morocco since the beginning of the Western Sahara conflict. Military and political organisation in Western Sahara, الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير ساقية الحمراء و وادي الذهب, Learn how and when to remove this template message, economically useful parts of Western Sahara, Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs, protests and riots in 2005 by Sahrawis in "the occupied territories", Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, "The Polisario's Marxist past sinks into the desert sands", Member parties of the Socialist International – Observer parties, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37, "Proyecto Desaparecidos: Mohamed Basiri el mas antiguo desaparecido saharaui", "Fighting in Morocco May Present Biden with Fresh Africa Crisis Amid COVID Surge", "'11 Sept has not influenced Western Sahara's situation'", "Algeria Claims Spanish Sahara Is Being Invaded", "Editor Chris Brazier’s Journey Into Polosario Territory, Including His Trip Through A Cleared Minefield, A Visit To An Underground Hospital, And To A Guerrilla Army Base", "Western Sahara under Polisario Control: Summary Report of Field Mission to the Sahrawi Refugee Camps (near Tindouf, Algeria)", Forced Migration Organization: FMO Research Guide Bibliography, The Association for a Free & Fair Referendum in Western Sahara, R.A.S.D.
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